SciEtech

Electrical Insulation Materials can be described as substances that present high resistance to the flow of electricity, and for that aspect, they are employed to keep the current in its suitable path within the conductor. The atoms of the insulator have tightly bound electrons which cannot readily move (other materials , semi-conductors and conductors conduct electric current more easily). The property that distinguishes an insulator is its resistivity; insulators have higher resistivity than semi-conductors and conductors.

Electrical Insulation is the absence of electrical conduction. Electronic band theory dictates that a charge flows if ststes are available into which electrons can be excited. This allows electrons to gain energy and thereby move through a conductor such as metal. If no such states are available, the material is an Insulator.

Most Insulators have a large band. This occurs because the "valence" band containing the highest energy electrons is full, and a large energy gap separates this band from the next band above it. The breakdown voltage gives electrons enough energy to be excited into this band. Once this voltage is exceeded the material ceases being an insulator, and charge begins to pass through it.

However, it is usually accompanied by physical or chemical changes that permanently degrade the material's insulating properties.

Insulators used for high-voltage power transmission can be made from glass, porcelain or composite polymer materials.

<www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210813105544.htm>

linquip.com/blog/types-of-insulator-materials/

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/insulator-(electricity)

REFERENCES:

www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/08/210813105544.htm/, Monday, 16 August 2021.

www.linquip.com/blog/types-of-insulator-materials/ Monday, 16 August 2021.

www.wikipedia.org/wiki/insulator-(electricity) Monday, 16 August 2021.